Аннотация
Диагностические методы визуализации при тетраде Фалло продолжают развиваться в свете совершенствования аппаратно-технической части, программных алгоритмов и наличия новых отдельных методов каждого диагностического исследования. В обзоре представлены все доступные на сегодняшний день методы исследования, современные тенденции и разработки в диагностике при данном пороке. Особое внимание уделено магнитно-резонансной томографии и компьютерной томографии, где имеются новые методы и алгоритмы, позволяющие дополнить и расширить знания о патогенезе послеоперационных осложнений и предоставить достаточно полную информацию о статусе сердечно-сосудистой системы до и после хирургической коррекции порока. Отмечена сопоставимость данных вышеуказанных методов с данными эхокардиографии и обозначена роль ядерной сцинтиграфии и ангиокардиографии на фоне дополняющих друг друга данных неинвазивных инструментальных исследований.
Литература
- Kato A., Drolet C., Yoo S.J., Redington A.N., GrosseWortmann L. Vicious circle between progressive right ventricular dilatation and pulmonary regurgitation in patients after tetralogy of Fallot repair? Right heart enlargement promotes flow reversal in the left pulmonary artery. J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson. 2016; 18 (1): 34. DOI: 10.1186/s12968-016-0254-1
- Gatzoulis M.A., Balaji S., Webber S.A., Siu S.C., Hokanson J.S., Poile C. et al. Risk factors for arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death late after repair of tetralogy of Fallot: a multicentre study. Lancet. 2000; 356 (9234): 975–81. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (00)02714-8
- Babu-Narayan S.V., Diller G.P., Gheta R.R., Bastin A.J., Karonis T., Li W. et al. Clinical outcomes of surgical pulmonary valve replacement after repair of tetralogy of Fallot and potential prognostic value of preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Circulation. 2014; 129 (1): 18–27. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001485
- Geva T., Gauvreau K., Powell A.J., Cecchin F., Rhodes J., Geva J., del Nido P. Randomized trial of pulmonary valve replacement with and without right ventricular remodeling surgery. Circulation. 2010; 122 (11 Suppl.): S201–8. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.951178
- Apostolopoulou S.C., Manginas A., Kelekis N.L., Noutsias M. Cardiovascular imaging approach in pre and postoperative tetralogy of Fallot. BMC Cardiovasc. Dis. 2019; 19: 7. DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0996-9
- Woodard P.K., Ho V.B., Akers S.R., Beache G., Brown R.K.J., Cummings K.W. et al. ACR appropriateness criteria (r) known or suspected congenital heart disease in the adult. J. Am. Coll. Radiol. 2017; 14 (5S): S166–76. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr. 2017.02.036
- Lopez L., Colan S.D., Ensing G.J., Kendall K., Younoszai A.K. et al. Recommendations for quantification methods during the performance of a pediatric echocardiogram: a report from the pediatric measurements writing Group of the American Society of echocardiography pediatric and congenital heart disease council. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 2010; 5: 465–95; quiz 576–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2010.03.019
- Bedair R., Iriart X. Educational series in congenital heart disease: Tetralogy of Fallot: diagnosis to long-term follow-up. Echo Res. Pract. 2019; 6 (1): R9–23. DOI: 10.1530/ERP-180049
- Renella P., Aboulhosn J., Lohan D.G., Jonnala P., Finn J.P., Satou G.M. et al. Two dimensional and Doppler echocardiography reliably predict severe pulmonary regurgitation as quantified by cardiac magnetic resonance. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 2010; 23 (8): 880–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo. 2010.05.019
- Valente A.M., Cook S., Festa P., Ko H.H., Krishnamurthy R., Taylor A.M. et al. Multimodality imaging guidelines for patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography: developed in collaboration with the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance and the Society for Pediatric Radiology. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 2014; 27 (2): 111–41. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2013.11.009
- Hui W., Abd El Rahman M.Y., Dsebissowa F., Rentzsch A., Gutberlet M., Alexi-Meskishvili V. et al. Quantitative analysis of right atrial performance after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Cardiol. Young. 2004; 14 (5): 520–6. DOI: 10.1017/S1047951104005098
- Diller G.P., Kempny A., Liodakis E., Alonso-Gonzalez R., Inuzuka R., Uebing A. et al. Left ventricular longitudinal function predicts life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia and death in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Circulation. 2012; 125 (20): 2440–6. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.086983
- Abdel Aziz F.M., Abdel Dayem S.M., Ismail R.I., Hassan H., Fattouh A.M. Assessment of left ventricular volume and function using real-time 3D Echocardiography versus angiocardiography in children with tetralogy of Fallot. J. Cardiovasc. Ultrasound. 2016; 24 (2): 123–7. DOI: 10.4250/jcu.2016. 24.2.123
- Beurskens N.E.G., Gorter T.M., Pieper P.G., Hoendermis E.S., Bartelds B., Ebels T. et al. Diagnostic value of Doppler echocardiography for identifying hemodynamic signifcant pulmonary valve regurgitation in tetralogy of Fallot: comparison with cardiac MRI. Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging. 2017; 33 (11): 1723–30. DOI: 10.1007/s10554-017-1165-4
- Schicchi N., Secinaro A., Muscogiuri G., Ciliberti P., Leonardi B., Santangelo T. et al. Multicenter review: role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in diagnostic evaluation, pre-procedural planning and follow-up for patients with congenital heart disease. Radiol. Med. 2016; 121 (5): 342–51. DOI: 10.1007/s11547-015-0608-z
- Geva T. Repaired tetralogy of Fallot: the roles of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in evaluating pathophysiology and for pulmonary valve replacement decision support. Geva J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Res. 2011; 13 (1): 9. DOI: 10.1186/1532429X-13-9
- Moody W.E., Edwards N.C., Chue C.D., Taylor R.J., Ferro C.J., Townend J.N. et al. Variability in cardiac MR measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction, volumes and mass in healthy adults: defining a significant change at 1 year. Br. J. Radiol. 2015; 88 (1049): 20140831. DOI: 10.1259/bjr. 20140831
- Knauth A.L., Gauvreau K., Powell A.J., Landzberg M.J., Walsh E.P., Lock J.E. et al. Ventricular size and function assessed by cardiac MRI predict major adverse clinical outcomes late after tetralogy of Fallot repair. Heart. 2008; 94 (2): 211–6. DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2006.104745
- Haggerty C.M., Suever J.D., Pulenthiran A., MejiaSpiegeler A., Wehner G.J., Jing L. et al. Association between left ventricular mechanics and diffuse myocardial fibrosis in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot: a cross-sectional study. J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson. 2017; 19 (1): 100. DOI: 10.1186/s12968-017-0410-2
- Lee N., Taylor M.D., Banerjee R.K. Right ventricle-pulmonary circulation dysfunction: a review of energy-based approach. Biomed. Eng. Online. 2015; 14 (Suppl. 1): S8. DOI: 10.1186/1475-925X-14-S1-S8
- Hirtler D., Garcia J., Barker A.J., Geiger J. Assessment of intracardiac flow and vorticity in the right heart of patients after repair of tetralogy of Fallot by flow-sensitive 4D MRI. Eur. Radiol. 2016; 26 (10): 3598–607. DOI: 10.1007/ s00330-015-4186-1
- Arvidsson P.M., Töger J., Heiberg E., Carlsson M., Arheden H. Quantification of left and right atrial kinetic energy using fourdimensional intracardiac magnetic resonance imaging flow measurements. J. Appl. Physiol. 2013; 114 (10): 1472–81. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00932.2012
- Sjöberg P., Bidhult S., Bock J., Heiberg E., Arheden H., Gustafsson R. et al. Disturbed left and right ventricular kinetic energy in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot: pathophysiological insights using 4D-flow MRI. Eur. Radiol. 2018; 28 (10): 4066–76. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5385-3
- Jeong D., Anagnostopoulos P.V., Roldan-Alzate A., Srinivasan S., Schiebler M.L., Wieben O., FranÇois C.J. Ventricular kinetic energy may provide a novel noninvasive way to assess ventricular performance in patients with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2015; 149 (5): 1339–47. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.11.085
- Jing L., Haggerty Ch.M., Suever J.D., Alhadad S., Prakash A., Cecchin F. et al. Patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot suffer from intra- and inter-ventricular cardiac dyssynchrony: a cardiac magnetic resonance study. Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging. 2014; 15 (12): 1333–43. DOI: 10.1093/ ehjci/jeu123
- Habert P., Bentatou Z., Aldebert P., Finas M., Bartoli A., Bal L. et al. Exercise stress CMR reveals reduced aortic distensibility and impaired right-ventricular adaptation to exercise in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot. PLoS ONE. 2018; 13 (12): e0208749. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208749
- Kilner P.J., Geva T., Kaemmerer H., Trindade P.T., Schwitter J., Webb G.D. Recommendations for cardiovascular magnetic resonance in adults with congenital heart disease from the respective working groups of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur. Heart J. 2010; 31 (7): 794–805. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp586
- Geva T., Sandweiss B.M., Gauvreau K., Lock J.E., Powell A.J. Factors associated with impaired clinical status in long-term survivors of tetralogy of Fallot repair evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2004; 43 (6): 1068–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2003.10.045
- Davlouros P.A., Kilner P.J., Hornung T.S., Li W., Francis J.M., Moon J.C. et al. Right ventricular function in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot assessed with cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: detrimental role of right ventricular outflow aneurysms or akinesia and adverse right-to-left ventricular interaction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2002; 40 (11): 2044–52. DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097 (02)02566-4
- Helbing W.A., de Roos A. Clinical applications of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Pediatr. Cardiol. 2000; 21 (1): 70–9. DOI: 10.1007/s002469910009
- Van Straten A., Vliegen H.W., Hazekamp M.G., Bax J.J., Schoof P.H., Ottenkamp J. et al. Right ventricular function after pulmonary valve replacement in patients with tetralogy of Fallot. Radiology. 2004; 233 (3): 824–9. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2333030804
- Vliegen H.W., Van Straten A., De Roos A., Roest A.A., Schoof P.H., Zwinderman A.H. et al. Magnetic resonance imaging to assess the hemodynamic effects of pulmonary valve replacement in adults late after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Circulation. 2002; 106 (13): 1703–7. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000030995.59403.f8
- Kang I.S., Redington A.N., Benson L.N., Macgowan C., Valsangiacomo E.R., Roman K., Kellenberger C.J., Yoo S.J. Differential regurgitation in branch pulmonary arteries after repair of tetralogy of Fallot: a phase-contrast cine magnetic resonance study. Circulation. 2003; 107 (23): 2938–43. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000077064.67790.5B
- Babu-Narayan S.V., Gatzoulis M.A. Management of adults with operated tetralogy of Fallot. Curr. Treat. Options Cardiovasc. Med. 2003; 5 (5): 389–98. DOI: 10.1007/s11936-003-0045-5
- Choe Y.H., Kang I.S., Park S.W., Lee H.J. MR imaging of congenital heart diseases in adolescents and adults. Korean J. Radiol. 2001; 2 (3): 121–31. DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2001.2.3. 121
- De Roos A., Roest A.A. Evaluation of congenital heart disease by magnetic resonance imaging. Eur. Radiol. 2000; 10 (1): 2–6. DOI: 10.1007/s003300050002
- Rigsby C.K., McKenney S.E., Hill K.D., Chelliah A., Einstein A.J., Han B.K. et al. Radiation dose management for pediatric cardiac computed tomography: a report from the Image Gently ‘Have-A-Heart’ campaign. Pediatr. Radiol. 2018; 48 (1): 5–20. DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3991-x
- Habib Geryes B., Calmon R., Donciu V., Khraiche D., WarinFresse K., Bonnet D., Boddaert N., Raimondi F. Low-dose paediatric cardiac and thoracic computed tomography with prospective triggering: is it possible at any heart rate? Phys. Med. 2018; 49: 99–104. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.05.015
- Hrusca A., Rachisan A.L., Gach P., Pico H., Sorensen C., Bonello B. et al. Detection of pulmonary and coronary artery anomalies in tetralogy of Fallot using nonECG-gated CT angiography. Diagn. Interv. Imaging. 2016; 97 (5): 543–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2016.03.010
- Morray B.H., McElhinney D.B., Cheatham J.P., Zahn E.M., Berman D.P., Sullivan P.M. et al. Risk of coronary artery compression among patients referred for transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation: a multicenter experience. Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2013; 6 (5): 535–42. DOI: 10.1161/ CIRCINTERVENTIONS.113.000202
- Meinel F.G., Henzler T., Schoepf U.J., Park P.W., Huda W., Spearman J.V. et al. ECG-synchronized CT angiography in 324 consecutive pediatric patients: spectrum of indications and trends in radiation dose. Pediatr. Cardiol. 2015; 36 (3): 569–78. DOI: 10.1007/s00246-014-1051-y
- Mruk B. Renal safety of iodinated contrast media depending on their osmolarity – current outlooks. Pol. J. Radiol. 2016; 81: 157–65. DOI: 10.12659/PJR.895406
- Gartner R.D., Sutton N.J., Weinstein S., Spindola-Franco H., Haramati L.B. MRI and computed tomography of cardiac and pulmonary complications of tetralogy of Fallot in adults. J. Thorac. Imaging. 2010; 25 (2): 183–90. DOI: 10.1097/RTI.0b013e31819d14fe
- Hegde S.V., Lensing S.Y., Greenberg S.B. Determining the normal aorta size in children. Radiology. 2015; 274 (3): 859–65. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.14140500
- Kim H.J., Mun D.N., Goo H.W., Yun T.J. Use of cardiac computed tomography for ventricular Volumetry in late postoperative patients with tetralogy of Fallot. Korean J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2017; 50 (2): 71–7. DOI: 10.5090/kjtcs. 2017.50.2.71
- Wu M.T., Huang Y.L., Hsieh K.S., Huang J.T., Peng N.J., Pan J.Y. et al. Influence of pulmonary regurgitation inequality on differential perfusion of the lungs in tetralogy of Fallot after repair: a phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging and perfusion scintigraphy study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2007; 49 (18): 1880–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.01.077
- Fathala A. Quantitative lung perfusion scintigraphy in patients with congenital heart disease. Heart Views. 2010; 11 (3): 109–14. DOI: 10.4103/1995-705X.76802
- Dowdle S.C., Human D.G., Mann M.D. Pulmonary ventilation and perfusion abnormalities and ventilation perfusion imbalance in children with pulmonary atresia or extreme tetralogy of Fallot. J. Nucl. Med. 1990; 31 (8): 1276–9.
- Aldoss O., Fonseca B.M., Truong U.T., Bracken J., Darst J.R., Guo R. et al. Diagnostic utility of three-dimensional rotational angiography in congenital cardiac catheterization. Pediatr. Cardiol. 2016; 37 (7): 1211–21. DOI: 10.1007/s00246-0161418-3
- Fagan T., Kay J., Carroll J., Neubauer A. 3-D guidance of complex pulmonary artery stent placement using reconstructed rotational angiography with live overlay. Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2012; 79 (3): 414–21. DOI: 10.1002/ccd. 23229
Об авторах
- Разумовский Вадим Сергеевич, аспирант, orcid.org/0000-0001-7802-4588;
- Свободов Андрей Андреевич, доктор мед. наук, гл. науч. сотр., orcid.org/0000-0003-2523-5212
