Abstract
Objective. To study physical and motor parameters of children with congenital heart defects (CHD) in Russia and to prove the importance of motor developmental disorders in personalized rehabilitation planning.
Material and methods. Children in the long-term period after surgical correction of CHD from 7 to 14 years old were included in the study. All of them were admitted to the Rehabilitation Center for Children with Heart Diseases affiliated to A.N. Bakulev National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery of the Russian Ministry of Health in 2023–2024 and complained of coordination problems, fine and/or large motor difficulties. The results of Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire 2007 (DCDQ’07, Canada), The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) and Adolescents (PAQ-A), hand dynamometry, Zurich Neuromotor Assessment-2 (ZNA-2) and Zurich Graphomotor Test (ZGT) were collected. Assessment of growth rate and weight gain during life was performed, and risk factors for motor disorders were identified.
Results. 73 patients (38 boys and 35 girls) with the median age 10 [8… 12] years old after 7.1±3.7 years after CHD correction were enrolled. 58.9% of children had acyanotic heart disease. In the study cohort, 79.5 and 71.2% of patients had fine and gross motor impairments, respectively, and 26% suffered from balance disorder. Children with acyanotic heart defects showed mild, and with cyanotic CHD had moderate delay in motor development. The most severe deficits in motor skills were observed in patients with univentricular hearts. 1/3 of children with CHD had reduced hand grip strength. Radical correction of CHD contributed to normalization of anthropometric measures in the late postoperative period.
Conclusion. More than a half of school-age children with CHD in Russia have motor disorders, which is important to take into account when rehabilitating these patients. Along with such widely-known factors as overprotection and physical inactivity, the severity of CHD has a significant impact on the physical and motor development of children.
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About the authors
- Elena M. Savova, Junior Researcher, Physical Therapy Doctor, Pediatrician; ORCID
- Anna Yu. Zavarina, Chief Physician; ORCID
- Valentina N. Shvedunova, Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Head of Department; ORCID
- Marina L. Ermolenko, Dr. Med. Sci., Head of Department; ORCID
